Dog Spaying

Most owners are not aware of the chain of events in a surgical procedure. The most common procedures, an ova rio-hysterectomy, known also as a spaying (not spading) operation. Having found the dog to be in satisfactory health for surgery, the veterinarian may administer drugs to sedate, prevent excess salivation,and empty the stomach to prevent vomiting during the operation but this is not always advisable. The dog is placed on a prep table where at rained assistant holds and cajoles it while the veterinarian administers short-acting anesthetic intravenously. An enforceable tube is inserted in the trachea (windpipe) and anesthesia is continued with gas and oxygen provided by a gas anesthesia machine. When the correct level of anesthesia is reached, the patient's fur is clipped on and around the surgical site. The area is scrubbed and the pet is taken into surgical theater. The surgeon, who is dressed in cap, mask, and clean garments (often called greens), scrubs his or her hands with a medicated soap, dries them, and dons a sterile surgical gown and sterile gloves.

Dog Teeth

There is no doubt that in many cases good and bad teeth are genetic.Some kinds of dogs, particularly the small breeds, lose many teeth by the time they are two years old. Others have healthy teeth all their lives. Frequently the owners of a two-year-old show dog with loose teeth that need to be extracted will not permit the procedure to be done until the dog has finished its show championship.

Tartar. The principal problem with teeth is the tartar, or plaque,that builds up on them. It is theorized that some dogs have saliva that encourages this tartar buildup. It is not unusual to find thick crusts of tartar larger than the teeth. In some dogs this may be removed in the veterinarian's office without an anesthetic. Other dogs will not permit such treatment and must be given a short-acting anesthetic in order to have their teeth cleaned. In any event the insides of the teeth may be cleaned only after anesthesia has been administered.

Some biscuits do help to clean a dog's teeth but only minimally so. Better is a raw beef rib bone into which the teeth sink - but bones may not be for your dog. Chewing the tags of meat and cartilage from beef soup bone will also help, but many dogs eat mushy food all their lives and have beautiful teeth with no tartar or guns disease.

Dog Digestion

Dog digestion starts at the mouth. The teeth useful for ripping an animal apart and cutting the tissue off arelonger and sharper than the equivalent teeth in our mouths. Our backteeth (molars) are flatter and more useful for grinding foods into pow-der. Dogs' habits of eating consist of tearing their food apart, cuttingoff pieces with the back teeth, and gulping them with only sufficientchewing to make them small enough to swallow.

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The next difference is in the saliva. Dogs, on the other hand, have very little of that starch digesting enzyme, ptyalin. It was this discovery years ago that caused peoplestudying dogs' eating habits to say that they couldn't digest starch.Probably these people never saw a human wash down a huge mouthfulof a doughnut with a gulp of coffee - and stopped to think that thattoo is digested.

Disease Transmission in Dog

Before dog can contract a disease, they must in some manner be exposed to the infecting organism. Exposure can come about in many ways.

Bacterial diseases may be contracted by a dog eating infected food, by inhaling the bacteria, or by bacteria entering cuts or puncture wounds. If a dog is bitten by another dog, the wounds may fester by the multiplication of bacteria inserted by the tooth. Bacteria may be drawn into the system or they may be present in air passages, waiting for a virus or general loss of resistance to weaken tissue and set up conditions favorable to their growth.'

Some virus diseases can be passed from one dog to another by inhaling one brief sniff of a sick dog's breath, or even by inhaling airing a room in which a sick dog has sneezed and left minute droplets floating about carrying the virus. Other virus diseases can be transmitted by bites, as is what happens in rabies.

Fungus diseases are spread in several ways: by contact, by wind, by water. Suppose your Collie develops a concentric bare spot on its nose. How did it get there? The dog may have pushed its nose against a spot on your infected cat, or it may have rested in a couch where the cat had been lying previously, or a breeze may have blown spores on it. Some-how they settled on the nose and grew. Some of the worst skin diseases dog can get are contracted by its lying on a lawn or rubbing against another dog, or from dust blown on it that contains spores that find away into the skin through fleabites.

The following are some diseases that get transmitted in dogs

Disease Transmission in Dog Information

• Due to disease transmission dogs may suffer from allergic skin and respiratory disorders.


• Dogs suffer from the disease Brucellosis is the disease caused in dogs due to the bacteria named Brucella canis. The bacteria generally spreads from one dog to another through sexual contact and from and birthing process.


• Diarrhea is caused due to various bacteria named Campylobacter and Salmonella. Protozoans like the Giardia may involve intestinal infections in dogs. Failure of the entire organ system occurs at the advanced stage of the disease.


• Dirofilariasis is the name of the disease which is caused by the heart worm that causes serious blockage and occlusion in the pulmonary artery occurs.


• Hookworms get easily transmitted from one dog to another through the feces. An infected dog excretes out thousands of eggs of the hookworm through its stools. The eggs hatch to give out tiny larvae which get into the skin of another dog when it gets in contact.


• Rabies is another disease transmission in dogs. The virus of the disease is present in the saliva and it gets into the bite wound and directly flows through the main blood stream. The virus travels to the nerve, spinal chord and then finally to the brain.


• Scabies mites dug burrows and gorges on the surface of the skin. This may lead to itchy feeling and physical discomfort. The disease is passed through direct body contact.

Being a dog owner you are advised to take proper measures to keep yourself safe from the above mentioned diseases while attending your pet dog.

Heatstroke to the dog, the causes and preventions

Heatstroke is a problem for dogs during summer, especially in hot, humid areas. Dogs that have the greatest problem often have short noses, such as Boston Terriers, Boxers, French Bulldogs, and Pugs. These are called brachycephalic dogs. Brachycephalic dogs have noses so short the air doesn’t have a chance to cool before it hits the lungs and transfers heat to the blood. About half the dogs sick enough to be taken to veterinary hospitals for heatstroke will die.



Dogs with any of the following characteristics or engaged in the following activities are candidates for heatstroke:

• short noses and flat faces (brachycephalic dogs)


• large bodies,


• long-hair,


• overweight, or


• strenuously working or playing.

Dogs that have had a previous episode of heatstroke are more likely to have another episode than dogs that have never had the problem.

Top 10 Things That Can Poison Your Cat

Cat poison No. 1: Medications for people. Pets have a much greater sensitivity to many of the common over-the-counter and prescription medications that may be in your home.

Some of the medications that often poison cats include:

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications, such as ibuprofen or naproxen. The most common cause of pet poisoning, these painkillers can cause ulcers in the stomach and intestines, and kidney damage.


• Acetaminophen is particularly toxic to cats, resulting in red blood cell damage. Just two extra-strength tablets may prove fatal to felines.


• Antidepressants, which may cause vomiting and, in more serious instances, serotonin syndrome - a dangerous condition that raises temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure, and may cause seizures.


• Methylphenidate. This attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) drug is a stimulant for pets, raising heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature.

Cat poison No. 2: Flea and tick products. Poisoning can occur by ingestion of a topical product or overzealous application. In addition, certain flea control products manufactured for dogs can be lethal if used on cats.

Cat poison No. 3: People food. It is important to take care that your cat doesn’t ingest foods that might cause pet poisoning or stomach upset. Foods to keep away from your cat include:

• Chocolate. Experts don’t recommend giving chocolate, caffeine, or coffee to your cat.


• Onions, garlic, chives. These plant foods can irritate the stomach and damage red blood cells.

Cat poison No. 4: Rat and mouse poison. Rodenticides, if ingested, can cause severe symptoms and may be fatal.

Cat poison No. 5: Pet medications. Just as we can be sickened or killed by medications intended to help us, cases of pet poisoning by veterinary drugs are not uncommon. Some of the more commonly reported problem medications include painkillers and de-wormers.

Cat poison No. 6: Household plants. Cats are notorious for noshing on houseplants, and the habit isn’t just bad for your potted treasures. Many common, beautiful houseplants contain cat poisons that can cause serious harm, and even death. Some of the plants toxic to cats include:

• Lilies. Ingesting even small amounts of Easter lilies and related plants can cause severe kidney failure in cats.


• Azaleas and rhododendrons. These pretty flowering plants contain toxins that may result in vomiting, diarrhea, coma, and sometimes even death.


• Tulips and daffodils. The bulbs of these plants, if ingested, may cause serious stomach problems, convulsions, and damage to the heart.


• Sago palms. Eating just a few seeds may be enough to cause vomiting, seizures, and liver failure.

Cat poison No. 7: Chemical hazards. Not surprisingly, chemicals contained in antifreeze and paint thinner, and chemicals for pools can act as cat poisons. The symptoms they may produce include stomach upset, depression, and chemical burns.

Cat poison No. 8: Household cleaners. Just as cleaners like bleach can poison people, they are also a leading cause of pet poisoning, resulting in stomach and respiratory tract problems.

Cat poison No. 9: Heavy metals. Lead, which can be found in paint, linoleum, and batteries, can be poisonous if eaten by your cat. If ingested, lead can cause gastrointestinal and neurological problems.

Cat poison No. 10: Fertilizer. Products for your lawn and garden may be poisonous to animals that ingest them, perhaps by grooming themselves after walking or laying in a recently treated area.

What to do for suspected cat poisoning

If you think your cat has been poisoned, try to stay calm. It is important to act quickly, but rationally.

First, gather up any of the potential poison that remains - this may be helpful to your veterinarian and any outside experts who assist with the case. If your cat has vomited, collect the sample in case your veterinarian needs to see it.

Then, try to keep your pet calm and call your veterinarian or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) at (888) 426-4435. Experts at the APCC are available to answer questions and provide guidance 24 hours a day for a $60 consultation fee.

Poison Protection: Pet-Proofing Your House

The best way to reduce the chances that your beloved cat will be the victim of pet poisoning is by preventing exposure to dangerous substances.

• Keep all medications, even those in child-proof bottles, in cabinets that are inaccessible to your cat. If you inadvertently drop a pill on the floor, be sure to look for it immediately. Supervise anyone, such as the elderly, who may need help taking medications.


• Always follow guidelines on flea or tick products, and never use products formulated for dogs on cats.


• Although you can give some “people foods” safely to your pets as a treat, others are toxic. If you have any questions about what is safe, ask your veterinarian. Or, err on the safe side and give treats made specifically for animals.


• Be sure any rodenticides you use are kept in metal cabinets or high on shelves where your pets can't find them. Remember that cats can be fatally poisoned by eating an exposed rodent, so always be very cautious about using these products. Tell your neighbors if you put out rat bait, so they can protect their pets from exposure, and ask them to do the same for you.


• When buying plants for your home, opt for those that won’t cause problems if your cat happens to nibble on them. The ASPCA has an online list of toxic and nontoxic plants by species. If you choose to have toxic plants, be sure they are kept in a place where your pets can't reach them.


• Store all chemicals and cleaners in pet-inaccessible areas of your home.

Emergency Care and First Aid for Dogs

Unfortunately, accidents do happen. When a medical emergency befalls our furry friends, pet parents may find it difficult to make rational decisions, especially if something occurs during the middle of the night. That's why it's crucial to have an emergency plan in place-before you need it.

How Do I Find 24-Hour Emergency Care for My Dog?

Talk to your veterinarian about an emergency protocol. Does your vet provide 24-hour service or does he or she work with an emergency clinic in the area? Some practices have multiple veterinarians on staff who rotate on-call services after hours. Check to see if your primary care vet has partners who might answer an emergency call.

It’s also a smart idea to keep the name, number and address of your local emergency clinic tacked to the refrigerator or stored in your cell phone for easy access.

When Does My Dog Need Emergency Care?

Your dog may need emergency care because of severe trauma-caused by an accident or fall-choking, heatstroke, an insect sting, household poisoning or other life-threatening situation.

What Are Some Signs That My Dog Needs Emergency Care?

• Pale gums


• Rapid breathing


• Weak or rapid pulse


• Change in body temperature


• Difficulty standing


• Apparent paralysis


• Loss of consciousness


• Seizures


• Excessive bleeding

What Should I Do if My Dog Needs Emergency Care?

Dogs who are severely injured may act aggressively toward their pet parents, so it’s important to first protect yourself from injury. Approach your dog slowly and calmly; kneel down and say his name. If the dog shows aggression, call for help. If he’s passive, fashion a makeshift stretcher and gently lift him onto it. Take care to support his neck and back in case he’s suffered any spinal injuries.

Once you feel confident and safe transporting your dog, immediately bring him to an emergency care facility. It’s also a smart idea to ask someone-a friend or family member-to call the clinic, so the staff expects you and your dog.

What Are Some First Aid Treatments I Can Perform on My Dog?

Most emergencies require immediate veterinary care, but first aid methods may help you stabilize your pet for transportation.

• If your dog is suffering from external bleeding due to trauma, try elevating and applying pressure to the wound.


• If your dog is choking, place your fingers in his mouth to see if you can remove the blockage.


• If you’re unable to remove the foreign object, perform a modified Heimlich maneuver by giving a sharp rap, which should dislodge the object, to his chest.

Should I Perform CPR on My Dog?

CPR may be necessary if you remove the object your dog is choking on, but he is still unconscious. First check to see if he’s breathing. If not, place him on his side and perform artificial respiration by extending his head and neck, holding his jaws closed and blowing into his nostrils once every three seconds. (Ensure no air escapes between your mouth and the dog’s nose.) If you don’t feel a heartbeat, incorporate cardiac massage while administering artificial respiration-three quick, firm chest compressions for every respiration-until your dog resumes breathing on his own.

What Should I Do If My Dog Eats Something Poisonous?

If you suspect your pet has ingested a toxic substance, please call your veterinarian or the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center’s 24-hour hotline at (888) 426-4435. Trained toxicologists will consider the age and health of your pet, what and how much he ate, and then make a recommendation-such as whether to induce vomiting-based on their assessment.

WebMD Veterinary Reference from ASPCA Virtual Pet Behaviorist

The ASPCA Virtual Pet Behaviorist specializes in the resolution and management of pet behavior problems only. Please do not submit questions about medical problems here. Only licensed veterinarians can diagnose medical conditions. If you think that your pet is sick, injured or experiencing any kind of physical distress, please contact his veterinarian immediately. A delay in seeking proper veterinary care may worsen your pet's condition and put his life at risk. If you are concerned about the cost of veterinary care, please read our resources on finding financial help.

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