The Domestic Cat is found with a wide variety of colors and markings. It isn't unusual to see varied colors and patterns within the same litter of kittens, especially, of course, in the Domestic Shorthair.
The two primary colors that are present in cats are black and red. Every other color is a variation of black or red, except for white. The white coloring in cats is caused by a masking gene, meaning that the gene masks or hides the black or red coloring of the cat.
Every color of cat can have a variety of markings or patterns. The most common patterns or markings in cats are solid, tabby, tortoiseshell and pointed. Some color patterns have some white mixed in. This is called white spotting and is still caused by a masking gene, but this gene only hides
some of the coloring, not all.
Patterns in a cat are determined by genes and can show up as any number of differing patterns even within the common pattern types.
Here is a list of common patterns seen in cats:
Solid - They coat has one solid color with no markings, stripes or splotches. The most common solid coat colors in cats are black or white.
Tabby - Tabbies have unique and distinctive striping patterns and can also have splotches mixed in with the stripes.
Tortoise Shell - The coat of these cats is a mixture of black, and red markings, sometimes with gold and brown added. This pattern is very distinctive, usually with the colors all swirled together, but sometimes there are distinct patches of color. This is a dna-linked pattern and cats that have this type of pattern are usually female.
Pointed - Color is only seen on the feet, face and tail and the colored areas may be tabby-striped or solid. Point colors can range from light seal brown to a pale grey-blue.The primary body color of cats with this coat pattern is usually beige to light brown.
With Whites or Particolor - These are cats with any of the markings above but with white splotches added into the pattern.
The mark of a specific breed of cat is defined by its physical characteristics not by it's coloring, even though there are some common colors and patterns associated with particular breeds. For instance, the Siamese cats usually have a cream to white body with deep brown points and feet. Domestic Shorthair cats can come in any variety and range of colors and patterns.
There are official names for the different colors and patterns used by TICA or The International Cat Association. Here is a list of the common colors:
Red (AKA: Orange, Rust, Marmalade, Yellow and Ginger)
Blue (AKA: Gray, Grey)
Chocolate (AKA: Brown)
Seal (AKA: Brown)
Silver (AKA: Grey, Gray)
Black Tortie and White (AKA: Calico)
Cream (AKA: Buff)
With the addition of different genes the two basic colors can be modified. Red can be cream. Black can change to chocolate, cinnamon, fawn, lilac or even blue. Lilac, fawn, cinnamon and chocolate are not color commonly seen in the cat population but are found in certain carefully bred breeds such as the Siamese.
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Source: http://petcaretips.net/cat_colors.html
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